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Volume 70, Issues 13–14, September 2009, Pages 1581–1588

Jasmonates in Stress Responses and Development

Review

Jasmonate signaling in plant interactions with resistance-inducing beneficial microbes

·         Sjoerd Van der Ent^{a, b} [Author Vitae],

·         Saskia C.M. Van Wees^a [Author Vitae],

·         Corné M.J. Pieterse^{a, b, ,}  [Author Vitae]

·         ^a Plant–Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands

·         ^b Centre for Biosystems Genomics, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands

·         Received 27 March 2009. Revised 5 June 2009. Accepted 11 June 2009. Available online 25 August 2009.

·         http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.06.009, How to Cite or Link Using DOI

·         Cited by in Scopus (14)

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1. Introduction

2. Systemically induced disease resistance

3. ISR signal transduction

4. Beneficial microbe-associated molecular patterns

5. Local responses to beneficial microbes

6. Systemic responses to beneficial microbes

7. Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Abstract

Beneficial soil-borne microorganisms can induce an enhanced defensive capacity in above-ground plant parts that provides protection against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens and even insect herbivores. The phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene emerged as important regulators of this induced systemic resistance (ISR). ISR triggered by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and fungi is often not associated with enhanced biosynthesis of these hormones, nor with massive changes in defense-related gene expression. Instead, ISR-expressing plants are primed for enhanced defense. Priming is characterized by a faster and stronger expression of cellular defense responses that become activated only upon pathogen or insect attack, resulting in an enhanced level of resistance to the invader encountered. Recent advances in induced defense signaling research revealed regulators of ISR and suggest a model in which (JA)-related transcription factors play a central role in establishing the primed state.

Graphical abstract

Jasmonates are important regulators of plant immune responses that are triggered by beneficial soil-borne microorganisms. In many cases ISR is associated with potentiated expression of jasmonate-responsive genes. Recent advances in research on induced systemic resistance (ISR) signaling suggests a model in which jasmonate-related transcription factors play a central role in establishing the primed state that is characteristic for ISR.

Abbreviations

·    BTH, benzothiadiazole;

·    ET, ethylene;

·    ETI, effector triggered immunity;

·    ISR, induced systemic resistance;

·    JA, jasmonic acid;

·    LPS, lipopolysaccharides;

·    MAMPs, microbe-associated molecular patterns;

·    MAPKs, mitogen activated protein kinases;

·    PAMPs, pathogen associated molecular patterns;

·    PGPR, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria;

·    PGPF, plant growth-promoting fungi;

·    PR, pathogenesis related;

·    PTI, PAMP-triggered immunity;

·    RT-PCR, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction;

·    SA, salicylic acid;

·    SAR, systemic acquired resistance;

·    VOCs, volatile organic compounds

Keywords

·    Beneficial microorganisms;

·    Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi (PGPF);

·    Induced systemic resistance (ISR);

·    Defense signaling;

·    Ethylene;

·    Jasmonic acid;

·    Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs);

·    Priming;

·    Transcription factors

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Corresponding author. Address: Plant–Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 30 253 6887; fax: +31 30 253 2837.

Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vitae

Sjoerd van der Ent performed his PhD research at the Utrecht University on the role of transcription factors in the regulation of rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana. He was able to gain novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of priming for enhanced defense, which emerged as an important mechanism associated with induced resistance that is triggered by beneficial microbes. After his graduation in 2008, he continued his research as a postdoctoral fellow in the Plant–Microbe Interactions group at the Department of Biology, Utrecht University.

 

Saskia van Wees obtained her PhD degree in 1999 at the Utrecht University where she performed pioneering work on signaling during rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana. After her graduation she moved to the Torrey Mesa Research Institute, San Diego, USA where she worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Jane Glazebrook on mechanisms of disease resistance against necrotrophic fungi. In 2004, she received a VENI fellowship from the Netherlands Science Foundation to study the role of phospholipids in plant defense at the University of Amsterdam in the laboratory of Teun Munnik. In 2007, she moved back to her roots at the Utrecht University where she now works as a senior scientist in the Plant–Microbe Interactions laboratory.

 

Corné Pieterse was educated at the Wageningen University where he studied Plant Breeding and perfomed his PhD research at the laboratory of Phytopathology on differential gene expression in Phytophthora infestans during pathogenesis on potato. After receiving his PhD degree in 1993, he moved to the Phytopathology laboratory at the